Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been used as therapeutic agents in the clinical
treatment of a wide array of neuromuscular and autonomic neuronal transmission disorders …

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is widely used in therapeutics and cosmetics.
The effects of multi‐dosed BoNT/A treatment are well documented on the peripheral nervous …

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease worldwide; yet, current
treatment options, although effective, are associated with unwanted side effects, chronicity …

Recombinant mutant holotoxin BoNTs (rBoNTs) are being evaluated as possible vaccines
against botulism. Previously, several rBoNTs containing 2–3 amino acid mutations in the …

We have purified and characterized recombinant botulinum neurotoxin serotype FA
(BoNT/FA). This protein has also been named as a new serotype (serotype H), but the …

The use of botulinum neurotoxins as clinical products has required the development of
suitable manufacturing processes meeting the highest standards of safety and quality for …

The highly potent botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) inhibits neurotransmitter
release at neuromuscular junctions resulting in flaccid muscle paralysis, respiratory arrest …

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) is a potent neurotoxin that silences cholinergic
neurotransmission through the cleavage of the synaptic protein SNAP-25. Previous studies …

Purpose A double-mutant E224A/E262A full-length botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) Type A
with structural similarity to native BoNT/A but lacking the endopeptidase activity provides an …

Introduction: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most toxic of known biological
molecules and function as acetylcholine release inhibitors and neuromuscular blocking …