Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether
immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or …

Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

Expansion and differentiation of antigen-experienced PD-1+ TCF-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells
into effector cells is critical for the success of immunotherapies based on PD-1 blockade …

Immunotherapies have shown remarkable, albeit tumor-selective, therapeutic benefits in the
clinic. Most patients respond transiently at best, highlighting the importance of …

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual
roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These …

Therapies modulating the immune system offer the prospect of treating a wide range of
conditions including infectious diseases, cancer and autoimmunity. Biomaterials can …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based immunotherapy depends on functional tumour-
infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), but essential cytokines are less understood. Here we uncover …

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) enable novel mechanisms of action and/or therapeutic
applications that cannot be achieved using conventional IgG-based antibodies …

Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms
promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell–based therapies for …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has rapidly transformed the treatment paradigm for
various cancer types. Multiple single or combinations of ICB treatments have been approved …