In states of sodium deficiency many animals seek and consume salty solutions to restore
body fluid homeostasis. These behaviors reflect the presence of sodium appetite that is a …

Changes in body water/sodium balance are tightly controlled by the central nervous system
(CNS) to avoid abnormal cardiovascular function and the development of pathological …

The present study demonstrates that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)-containing
axons project to two sets of neurons in the dorsolateral pons that have been implicated in …

The serotoninergic system plays an important role in the ontogeny of the mammalian central
nervous system, and changes in serotonin production during development may lead to …

Few data are available on adolescent users because most behavioral studies on anabolic–
androgenic steroids (AAS) abuse have been performed in adults. Studies evaluating the …

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized and released from the brainstem raphe
nuclei to affect many brain functions. It is well known that the activity of raphe serotonergic …

Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts on Ang II type 1 (AT 1) receptors located in the organum
vasculosum and subfornical organ (SFO) of the lamina terminalis as a main facilitatory …

Life of terrestrial vertebrates depends on the maintenance of water and salt in the
extracellular compartment (“internal milieu”) within strictly regulated boundaries …

The brainstem plays an important role in controlling sodium and water homeostasis. It is a
major regulatory site for autonomic and motor functions. Moreover, it integrates …

Modulation of salt appetite involves interactions between the circumventricular organs
(CVOs) receptive areas and inhibitory hindbrain serotonergic circuits. Recent studies …