Importance Despite women composing half of current medical school classes, surgical
specialties still struggle to attract and retain women. Even after successful recruitment into …

Introduction Gender inequality within the medical field continues to be a prominent issue,
particularly for surgical specialties. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate …

Importance While surgeons often delay pregnancy and childbearing because of training and
establishing early careers, little is known about risks of infertility and pregnancy …

Infertility is a common reproductive disease, with a prevalence of 9% to 18% of the general
population. To date, no studies have attempted to examine the prevalence and experience …

Purpose To examine common themes and synthesize data surrounding pregnancy and
parenthood during surgical residency training. Method The authors conducted a systematic …

Background The personal health and professional impact of physician pregnancy requires
further study. We performed a comprehensive scoping review of physician pregnancy to …

Importance Childbearing has been a particular barrier to successful recruitment and
retention of women in surgery. Pregnant surgeons are more likely to have major pregnancy …

Background The cardiothoracic surgical workforce is changing. Although 5% of practicing
surgeons are women, 20% of current cardiothoracic surgery residents are women. The …

Background Medical training occurs during peak childbearing years. However, the intense
workload, long work hours, and limited financial compensation are potential barriers to …

Background A thorough understanding of attitudes toward and program policies for
parenthood in graduate medical education (GME) is essential for establishing fair and …