The use of charged particle therapy to control tumours non-invasively offers advantages
over conventional radiotherapy. Protons and heavy ions deposit energy far more selectively …

Pencil-beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT), particularly intensity modulated PT,
represents the latest advanced PT technology for treating cancers, including thoracic …

Charged particle beam radiotherapy requires dedicated measures to compensate for the
dosimetric influence of inter-and intra-fractional target motion. Independent of the delivery …

Particle therapy using protons or heavier ions is currently the most advanced form of
radiotherapy and offers new opportunities for improving cancer care and research. Ions …

The CNAO (Italian acronym that stands for National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
has been realised in Pavia, Italy. It is a clinical facility created and financed by the Italian …

Background and purpose Organ motion compromises accurate particle therapy delivery.
This study reports on the practice patterns for real-time intrafractional motion-management in …

Considering the clinical potential of protons attributable to their physical characteristics,
interest in proton therapy has increased greatly in this century, as has the number of proton …

The major aim of radiation therapy is to provide curative or palliative treatment to cancerous
malignancies while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Charged particle radiotherapy …

Although proton therapy has been used for many decades because of their superior dose
distribution over photons and reduced integral dose, their clinical implementation is still …

Dose uncertainty induced by respiratory motion remains a major concern for treating
thoracic and abdominal lesions using particle beams. This Task Group report reviews the …