In the last decade, the use of virtual reality (VR) technologies has been increasing, as head-
mounted display devices, such as the Meta Quest series, have become commercially …

Urban design is a highly visual discipline that requires visualization for informed decision
making. However, traditional urban design tools are mostly limited to representations on 2D …

Although computers prove useful in aiding human creativity, there is still shortage of
adequate software for early-stage explorations in the design disciplines. One of such under …

Abstract Systems that can transform two-dimensional (2D) sketches into 3D models while
performing structural analyses are necessary for architectural sketches. To address this …

We introduce the Polar-Annular Mesh representation (PAM). A PAM is a mesh-skeleton co-
representation designed for the modeling of 3D organic, articulated shapes. A PAM …

This article presents a user study into user perception of an object's size when presented in
virtual reality. Critical for users understanding of virtual worlds is their perception of the size …

A 3D modeling system that provides all-inclusive functionality is generally too demanding for
a casual 3D modeler to learn. In recent years, there has been a shift towards developing …

To make constrained manipulation of 3D objects in desktop 3D applications, 3D
transformation widgets are commonly used. However, their performance degrades on …

Abstract Architecture has been taking new turns with rapidly developing digital design and
fabrication technologies. Consequently, establishing a link between physical and virtual …

Interacting with digital contents in 3D is an essential task in various applications such as
modeling packages, gaming, virtual reality, etc. Traditional interfaces using keyboard and …