ABSTRACT For 2011–2017, this paper revisits NATO burden sharing in light of recent
developments and pledges to bolster members' defense shares of GDP to 2%. Russian …

This study re-examines the international convergence in defence spending for 125 countries
spanning 1985–2018. We employ the approach of Phillips and Sul, which tests for the …

Employing a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) methodology, the paper addresses the
nexus between military expenditures and two key macroeconomic variables, namely growth …

The article uses newly available consistent military expenditure data for 1960–2014 to
examine past and current global spending trends during and after the Cold War. We are …

Anecdotal evidence offers conflicting views on the impact of globalisation on military
expenditure. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating the effect of …

This study examines the convergence in military expenditure and economic growth for a
panel of 35 African countries between 1990 and 2015. We employ the Phillips and Sul …

Military spending in relation to national GDP and government budgets in both advanced and
developing economies has fallen considerably since the end of Cold War. The previous …

This study investigates the degree of convergence in military expenditure and security
outcome for the eight regional economic communities (RECs) of Africa spanning 1995 …

For 1990–2019, this study presents two-step GMM estimates of EU members' demands for
defense spending based on alternative spatial-weight matrices. In particular, EU spatial …

The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between military spending and sovereign
debt in a panel of 13 European countries. In particular, under the assumption of the …