By using the Hamiltonian formulation, we demonstrate that the Merton-Garman equation
emerges naturally from the Black-Scholes equation after imposing invariance (symmetry) …

We review some general aspects about the Black–Scholes equation, which is used for
predicting the fair price of an option inside the stock market. Our analysis includes the …

In nonrelativistic systems, when there is spontaneous symmetry breaking, the number of
Nambu–Goldstone bosons (n NG) are not necessarily equal to the number of broken …

In De Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley massive gravity, to get the equations of motion, the square
root tensor is assumed to be invertible in the variation of the action. However, this condition …

We calculate explicitly the black-hole temperature for the Schwarzschild de-Sitter solution
inside massive gravity by defining the Killing-vector in the direction of the Stückelberg …

The dominant CMB dipole anisotropy is a Doppler effect due to a particular motion of the
solar system with a velocity of 370 km/s. Since this derives from peculiar motions and local …

Decaying Dark Energy models modify the background evolution of the most common
observables, such as the Hubble function, the luminosity distance and the Cosmic …

Many theories of quantum gravity live in higher dimensions, and their reduction to four
dimensions via mechanisms such as Kaluza–Klein compactification or brane world models …

If we apply the path-integral formulation in order to analyze the particle creation process of
black holes inside the non-linear formulation of massive gravity, it is possible to demonstrate …

We show the direct analogy between the ghost-free non-linear formulation of massive
gravity and the standard σ-models well understood in the literature. This issue explains why …