Autonomic cardiac neurons have a common origin in the neural crest but undergo distinct
developmental differentiation as they mature toward their adult phenotype. Progenitor cells …

This review summarizes the current understanding of neurotransmitter phenotype
specification of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, focusing, in particular, on the cellular …

Sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart is a classic example of norepinephrine
(NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) triggering opposing actions. Sympathetic NE increases heart …

The evolutionary origin of vertebrates included innovations in sensory processing
associated with the acquisition of a predatory lifestyle. Vertebrates perceive external stimuli …

Organizers are regions of the embryo that can both induce new fates and impart pattern on
other regions. So far, surprisingly few organizers have been discovered, considering the …

The sympathetic nervous system relies on distinct populations of neurons that use
noradrenaline or acetylcholine as neurotransmitter. We show that fating of the sympathetic …

Malformations of the sympathetic nervous system have been associated with cardiovascular
instability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and neuroblastoma. A better understanding of the …

Neurons with a desired neurotransmitter phenotype can be differentiated from induced
pluripotent stem cells or from somatic cells only through tedious protocols with relatively low …

The sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in regulating many autonomic functions,
including cardiac rhythm. The postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic chain ganglia are …

Classic neurotransmitter phenotypes are generally predetermined and develop as a
consequence of target-independent lineage decisions. A unique mode of target-dependent …