This is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for
Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant …

Biochemical assessment of iron status relies on serum-based indicators, such as serum
ferritin (SF), transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), as well as …

Thiamine is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in energy metabolism. Many
populations worldwide may be at risk of clinical or subclinical thiamine deficiencies, due to …

We reviewed interventions that affect maternal and child undernutrition and nutrition-related
outcomes. These interventions included promotion of breastfeeding; strategies to promote …

Iron deficiency is one of the leading risk factors for disability and death worldwide, affecting
an estimated 2 billion people. Nutritional iron deficiency arises when physiological …

Anemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. This
fundamental health issue still has not been solved and continues to exist affecting the …

The primary role of minerals in foods is to provide a reliable source of essential nutrients in a
balanced and bioavailable form. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium …

Background Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and metabolism. The World
Health Organization estimates that more than 2 billion people are deficient in key vitamins …

Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world,
affecting millions of people in both nonindustrialized and industrialized countries. We …

This introductory article provides an in-depth technical background for iron fortification, and
thus introduces a series of articles in this supplement designed to present the current …