In atomic force microscopy a cantilever with a sharp tip attached to it is scanned over the
surface of a sample, and information about the surface is extracted by measuring how the …

The ability to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry that takes place at
liquid/solid interfaces is key to the development and improvement of many chemical and …

Understanding structural dynamics of biomolecules at the single-molecule level is vital to
advancing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms. Currently, there are few techniques …

In this article, we review special features of Gwyddion—a modular, multiplatform, open-
source software for scanning probe microscopy data processing, which is available at …

Atomic force microscopy is an amazing technique that allies a versatile methodology (that
allows measurement of samples in liquid, vacuum or air) to imaging with unprecedented …

Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of
interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings …

The development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has opened up a wide range of novel
opportunities in nanoscience and new modalities of observation in complex biological …

Directly observing individual protein molecules in action at high spatiotemporal resolution
has long been a holy grail for biological science. This is because we long have had to infer …

Ionic liquids'(ILs) remarkable and tunable physicochemical properties mean they have
distinct performance advantages over conventional solvents in many settings. However, the …

In the history of science and technology, researchers have always undertaken endeavors to
enhance the degree of “directness of measurement”. With “directness of measurement”, we …