Abstract Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic
heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties including, for example, a low shear viscosity …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

We introduce a model for heavy ion collisions named trajectum, which includes an
expanded initial stage with a variable free streaming velocity v fs and a hydrodynamic stage …

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to
a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Such …

Comprehensive results on the production of unidentified charged particles, π±, K±, KS 0,
K*(892) 0, p, p, ϕ (1020), Λ, Λ, Ξ−, Ξ+, Ω−, and Ω+ hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at …

The production rates and the transverse momentum distribution of strange hadrons at mid-
rapidity (\(\left| y\right|< 0.5\)) are measured in proton-proton collisions at\(\sqrt {s}\)= 13 TeV …

In this review, we present an up-to-date phenomenological summary of research
developments in the physics of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). A short historical …

Abstract The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at the Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), with commissioning of the facility expected in late …

This paper presents the measurements of\(\pi^{\pm}\),\(\mathrm {K}^{\pm}\),\(\text {p}\)
and\(\overline {\mathrm {p}}\) transverse momentum (\(p_ {\text {T}}\)) spectra as a function of …

The future opportunities for high-density QCD studies with ion and proton beams at the LHC
are presented. Four major scientific goals are identified: the characterisation of the …