The plant cell wall, often the site of initial encounters between plants and their microbial
pathogens, is composed of a complex mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin …

Background Medium-to large-scale expression profiling using quantitative polymerase chain
reaction (qPCR) assays are becoming increasingly important in genomics research. A major …

Abiotic chemical signals discovered in smoke that are known as karrikins (KAR s) and the
endogenous hormone strigolactone (SL) control plant growth through a shared MORE …

Abstract PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE5 (PIL5) is a basic helix-loop-
helix transcription factor that inhibits seed germination by regulating the expression of …

Discovery of the primary seed germination stimulant in smoke, 3-methyl-2 H-furo [2, 3-c]
pyran-2-one (KAR1), has resulted in identification of a family of structurally related plant …

Karrikins are a class of seed germination stimulants identified in smoke from wildfires.
Microarray analysis of imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds was performed to identify …

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is one of the most important
methods for analyzing the expression patterns of target genes. However, successful qPCR …

Local hormone maxima are essential for the development of multicellular structures and
organs. For example, steroid hormones accumulate in specific cell types of the animal fetus …

Seed germination is a critical step in a plant's life cycle that allows successful propagation
and is therefore strictly controlled by endogenous and environmental signals. However, the …

Postgerminative growth of seed plants requires specialized metabolism, such as
gluconeogenesis, to support heterotrophic growth of seedlings until the functional …