Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Following the discovery of nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher in 1868, DNA and RNA were
recognized as the genetic code containing the necessary information for proper cell …

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) using antibodies against PD1 and its
ligand PDL1 has prompted substantial efforts to develop complementary drugs. Although …

Inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) have conserved carboxy-terminal MH2 domains but highly
divergent amino-terminal regions when compared with receptor-regulated Smads (R …

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer is revolutionizing
oncology. Amongst these therapeutic agents, antibodies that block PD-L1/PD1 interactions …

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology practice. However, current protein and
cell therapy tools used in cancer immunotherapy are far from perfect, and there is room for …

Tumour metastasis is the primary cause of mortality in cancer patients and remains the key
challenge for cancer therapy. New therapeutic approaches to block inhibitory pathways of …

CD8 T cells, which have a crucial role in immunity to infection and cancer, are maintained in
constant numbers, but on antigen stimulation undergo a developmental program …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population playing a pivotal role in immune
responses and tolerance. DCs promote immune tolerance by participating in the negative …

Inflammation is a complex set of interactions among soluble factors and cells that can arise
in any tissue in response to traumatic, infectious, post-ischaemic, toxic or autoimmune injury …