This article reviews the behavioral neuroscience of extinction, the phenomenon in which a
behavior that has been acquired through Pavlovian or instrumental (operant) learning …

To compare findings across species, neuroscience relies on cross-species homologies,
particularly in terms of brain areas. For cingulate cortex, a structure implicated in behavioural …

Preclinical and clinical studies implicate endocannabinoids (eCBs) in fear extinction, but the
underlying neural circuit basis of these actions is unclear. Here, we employed in vivo …

Fear extinction involves the formation of a new memory trace that attenuates fear responses
to a conditioned aversive memory, and extinction impairments are implicated in trauma-and …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the extinction of emotional
memories, including conditioned fear. We found that ventral hippocampal (vHPC) …

The acquisition of fear associative memory requires brain processes of coordinated neural
activity within the amygdala, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, thalamus and brainstem …

Prefrontal brain areas are implicated in the control of fear behavior. However, how prefrontal
circuits control fear response to innate threat is poorly understood. Here, we show that the …

Background Animal fear conditioning studies have illuminated neuronal mechanisms of
learned associations between sensory stimuli and fear responses. In rats, brief electrical …

The rodent infralimbic cortex (IL) is implicated in higher order executive functions such as
reward seeking and flexible decision making. However, the precise nature of its role in these …

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders. Present treatments such
as cognitive behavior therapy and pharmacological treatments show only moderate …