Psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and
schizophrenia, affect a significant percentage of the world population. These disorders are …

Acute pain induces depressed mood, and chronic pain is known to cause depression.
Depression, meanwhile, can also adversely affect pain behaviors ranging from …

The brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, was discovered more than 30 years ago and,
like other members of the neurotrophin family, this neuropeptide is synthetized as a …

Abstract Treatment-resistant depression affects up to 20% of individuals suffering from major
depressive disorder (MDD). The medications currently available to treat depression …

Despite the revolution in recent decades regarding monoamine involvement in the
management of major depressive disorder (MDD), the biological mechanisms underlying …

Epigenetics, and especially DNA methylation, have recently become provocative biological
explanations for early-life environmental effects on later health. Despite the large increase in …

There is evidence that development and maintenance of neural connections are disrupted in
major mental disorders, which indicates that neurotrophic factors could play a critical role in …

In spite of promising preclinical results there is a decreasing number of new registered
medications in major depression. The main reason behind this fact is the lack of confirmation …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable disease with a heavy personal and socio-
economic burden. Antidepressants of different classes are prescribed to treat MDD, but …

Background Resilience in the face of adversity is a human experience that leads to better
health, both mentally and physically. We briefly review its historical origins rooted in …