Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the
effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law …

The Bird's Head Seascape located in eastern Indonesia is the global epicenter of tropical
shallow water marine biodiversity with over 600 species of corals and 1,638 species of coral …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as
provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that …

With the rapid growth of Indonesia's marine protected area (MPAs) estate in Indonesia,
reaching 23.9 million hectares by January 2020, attention needs to be focused on …

The effectiveness of marine protected areas depends largely on whether people comply with
the rules. We quantified temporal changes in benthic composition, reef fish biomass, and …

Illegal exploitation of resources is a cause of environmental degradation worldwide. The
effectiveness of conservation initiatives such as marine protected areas relies on users' …

There is a global trend in the depletion of transient reef fish spawning aggregations (“FSAs”),
making them a primary target for management with marine protected areas (MPAs). Here …

Monitoring compliance and enforcing laws are integral to ensuring the success of marine
protected areas (MPAs), but traditional monitoring techniques are costly and resource …

There are millions of small-scale fishers worldwide that rely on coral reefs for their livelihood.
Yields from many of these coral reef fisheries, however, have been declining. In Indonesia …

The study of community-based conservation is challenged by a large number of important
variables and nonlinear dynamics. This complexity has made quantitative and comparative …