Clinicians can encounter sex and gender disparities in diagnostic and therapeutic
responses. These disparities are noted in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical …

The neurodevelopmental and dopamine hypotheses are leading theories of the
pathoetiology of schizophrenia, but they were developed in isolation. However, since they …

Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

Over the last five decades, a large body of evidence has accrued for structural and metabolic
brain alterations in schizophrenia. Here we provide an overview of these findings, focusing …

Mental health has been included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. However,
uncertainty exists about the extent to which the major social determinants of mental …

After over 70 years of research on the association between stressful life events and health, it
is generally accepted that we have a good understanding of the role of stressors in disease …

Mental and social health outcomes from a portfolio of women's outdoor tourism products,
with~ 100,000 clients, are analysed using a catalysed netnography of> 1000 social media …

Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing the response and sensitivity to …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls
hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment …

There is increasing evidence in humans and laboratory animals for biologically based sex
differences in every phase of drug addiction: acute reinforcing effects, transition from …