Background Paper currency is used for every type of commerce and plays an important role
in the life of human beings. However, the combination of its widespread use and constant …

Objective: We determined the bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance profile of
circulating Pakistani currency notes collected from hospital and community sources …

Background. Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always
subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for …

Introduction: Cell phone has become part and parcel of modern life. To live a life without cell
phone is an impossible task for maximum people. Health care providers are also integral …

Introduction: Money, whether in the form of coins or paper notes is perhaps the most widely
handled article by people every day throughout the world. Paper currency can be …

Nigerian bank notes like other currencies in the world pass through different hands and
have been implicated in the carriage of medically important pathogens. This study was …

BACKGROUND: Paper currency notes which are transferred from one individual to other are
known to carry micro-organisms on their surface. Currency contaminated by microbes might …

Background: Paper currency is widely exchanged and because of the high frequency
changing from hand to hand, could serve as vehicles for transmission of multi-resistant …

Health care providers are an integral part of the era of mobile phones. During various
activities linked to health care services, they come in contact with their cell phones regularly …

The aim of the study is to determine the presence, type and nature of bacterial contamination
on paper currency and coins in circulation. Total 96 paper currency and 48 coins of different …