Bacteria thrive both in liquids and attached to surfaces. The concentration of bacteria on
surfaces is generally much higher than in the surrounding environment, offering bacteria …

Highlights•HS-AFM detects conformational changes of unlabeled membrane proteins.•In situ
responses to pH, ligands, temperature and light can be visualized.•Developments in …

General principles in biology have often been elucidated from the study of bacteria. This is
true for the bacterial mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, MscL, the channel …

The bacterial mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS) has been extensively
studied to understand how mechanical forces are converted into the conformational …

When the electric discharge process is limited by high voltage electrodes shielding, the
ionization measure would be controlled to less than one percent and the temperature to less …

Optogenetics in the conventional sense, ie the use of engineered proteins that gain their
light sensitivity from naturally abundant chromophores, represents an exciting means to …

The ability to cope with and adapt to changes in the environment is essential for all
organisms. Osmotic pressure is a universal threat when environmental changes result in an …

The mechanosensitive ion channel of large conductance MscL gates in response to
membrane tension changes. Lipid removal from transmembrane pockets leads to a …

The scarcity of freshwater sources and the global demand for drinking water have spurred
researchers worldwide to develop new and efficient desalination and water purification …

Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) detects and responds to changes in
the pressure profile of cellular membranes and transduces the mechanical energy into …