Vitamin A (VitA) is a micronutrient that is crucial for maintaining vision, promoting growth and
development, and protecting epithelium and mucus integrity in the body. VitA is known as an …

“Gut health” refers to the physical state and physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract
and in the livestock system; this topic is often focused on the complex interacting …

INTRODUCTION The microbiota promotes the maturation and homeostasis of the immune
system, in part through the release of microbial products. Early-life microbial colonization …

The microbiota plays a fundamental role on the induction, training, and function of the host
immune system. In return, the immune system has largely evolved as a means to maintain …

Lymphocytes must adapt to a wide array of environmental stressors as part of their normal
development, during which they undergo a dramatic metabolic remodeling process …

Highlights•The gut encompasses thousands of small metabolites, collectively termed the
metabolome.•The metabolome is contributed by diet, the host, and its microbiome.•Multiple …

Studies of immune system metabolism (" immunometabolism") segregate along two paths.
The first investigates the effects of immune cells on organs that regulate whole-body …

The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between
malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality …

Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation,
organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA …

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract and associated mucosal immune system harbor a
large repertoire of metabolites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin that play important roles …