This article presents a comprehensive survey of research concerning interactions between
associative learning and attention in humans. Four main findings are described. First …

Background Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) aims to temporarily replace much of the
nicotine from cigarettes to reduce motivation to smoke and nicotine withdrawal symptoms …

Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable
cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct …

The notion that self-control entails effortful inhibition of impulses dominates prevailing
psychological models of self-control. This article describes some of the conceptual and …

Background: Cigarette smoking is the main cause of preventable death in developed
countries. While the direct positive behavioral reinforcing effect of nicotine has historically …

A wealth of research from the past two decades shows that addictive behaviors are
characterized by attentional biases for substance-related stimuli. We review the relevant …

Objective: Habit might be usefully characterized as a form of automaticity that involves the
association of a cue and a response. Three studies examined habitual automaticity in regard …

Attention provides the gateway to cognition, by selecting certain stimuli for further analysis.
Recent research demonstrates that whether a stimulus captures attention is not determined …

Neural mechanisms of cognitive control enable us to initiate, coordinate and update
behaviour. Central to successful control is the ability to suppress actions that are no longer …

Theoretical models of addiction suggest that attentional bias for substance-related cues
should be associated with self-reported craving. The authors evaluated the strength of the …