The outbreak of diseases ordinarily results from the disruption of the balance and harmony
between hosts and pathogens. Devoid of adaptive immunity, shrimp rely largely on the …

The annual production of shrimp culture in mainland of China has been over one million
tons for several years. The major cultivated penaeidae species are Litopenaeus vannamei …

The first line of defense against microbial infections in animals is innate immune response
which triggers diverse humoral and cellular activities via signal transduction pathways. Toll …

Toll-like receptor-mediated NF-κB pathways are essential for inducing immune related-gene
expression in the defense against bacterial, fungal and viral infections in insects and …

Objectives To investigate the role of miR-146a in dengue virus (DENV) replication. Methods
Expression levels of miR-146a were measured by real-time PCR and Northern blot. Role of …

Previous studies have discovered a lot of immune-related genes responding to white spot
syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in crustacean. However, little information is available in …

As a member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), the Toll-like receptor (TLR) and its
signaling pathway play pivotal roles in recognizing various pathogen-associated molecular …

Innate immunity is the only defense system for resistance against infections in crustaceans.
In crustaceans, white spot diseases caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) are a …

Background The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis is an important economic
crustacean and has been seriously attacked by various diseases, which requires more and …

The culture of penaeid shrimp is rapidly developing as a major business endeavor
worldwide. However, viral diseases have caused huge economic loss in penaeid shrimp …