Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels,
contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to …

Many processes in the human body—including brain function—are regulated over the 24-
hour cycle, and there are strong associations between disrupted circadian rhythms (for …

The protein kinase, GSK-3, participates in diverse biological processes and is now
recognized a promising drug discovery target in treating multiple pathological conditions …

Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more
years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have …

There are no specific structural neuropathological hallmarks found in the brain of mood
disorders. Instead, there are molecular, functional and structural alterations reported in many …

Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood
disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior …

Aim Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep,
and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian …

Biological studies of bipolar disorder initially focused on the mechanism of action for
antidepressants and antipsychotic drugs, and the roles of monoamines (eg, serotonin …

Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by circadian rhythm abnormalities, including
disturbed sleep/wake cycles, changes in locomotor activity, and abnormal endocrine …

Abstract Background Bipolar Disorder is characterized by episodes running the full mood
spectrum, from mania to depression. Between mood episodes, residual symptoms remain …