This paper presents a review of nine theoretical models of foreign direct investment (FDI).
Discussed are early studies of determinants of FDI (1) as well as determinants of FDI based …

Depending on one's point of view, multinational enterprises are either the heroes or the
villains of the globalized economy. Governments compete fiercely for foreign direct …

SUMMARY FDI Firm-level evidence Foreign direct investment is an essential aspect of
'globalization'yet its empirical determinants are not well understood. What we do know is …

This study explores how wage costs for high-skilled and less-skilled labor in host countries
affect the level of affiliate activities conducted by foreign MNEs. We find support for vertical …

Using data on German and Swedish multinational enterprises (MNEs), this paper analyzes
determinants of location choice and the degree of substitutability of labor across locations …

This paper applies a novel empirical approach to characterising the horizontal‐ness and
vertical‐ness of affiliates based on Yeaple's complex FDI concept. In its simplest form …

Abstract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a critical role in driving economic growth and
development, particularly in countries like Vietnam. This study proposes a hybrid model that …

The knowledge‐capital model (KC model), described in Markusen (2002), encompasses
both market size (horizontal) as well as factor endowment (vertical) explanations to why …

The world economy has experienced several waves of globalisation in its history. Each
wave led to a growing interdependence among countries through increasing amounts of …

For many years, perhaps decades, economists tended to think of foreign direct investment in
terms of capital flows from capital rich to capital poor nations, or equivalently locating stages …