The current review examined modeling literature in top science education journals to better
understand the pedagogical functions of modeling instruction reported over the last decade …

This study investigated how interaction with peers influenced the ways students managed
uncertainty during collaborative problem solving in a 5th-grade class. The analysis focused …

Different disciplines continue to place more and more importance on design. This growth
results in a variety of terminology relating to design being used in different studies. This …

While there is a growing interest in infusing engineering into elementary classrooms, very
little is known about how well positionedelementary teachers are to teach engineering. This …

Internationally there is a need for research that focuses on STEM (Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics) education to equip students with the skills needed for a …

In this article, we report on sixth-grade students' responses to a set of problem activities that
required the application of mathematics, science, and engineering knowledge in designing …

In an effort to document teachers' enactments of new reform in science teaching, valid and
scalable measures of science teaching using engineering design are needed. This study …

Recently, design thinking has become recognized as a necessity for every student,
especially when they engage in design-based learning, as a pedagogical approach to …

STEM is an educational practice to integrate science, mathematics, engineering, and
technology within the formal and informal context and it provides practical opportunities for …

This article reports on a 4th-grade problem activity implemented as part of a 4-year
longitudinal, design research study across grades 3–6. The activity integrated the four STEM …