Nuclear effector proteins released by bacteria, oomycete, nematode, and fungi burden the
global environment and crop yield. Microbial effectors are key weapons in the evolutionary …

Lignin is an important secondary metabolite that maintains the mechanical strength of
horticultural plants and enhances their ability to respond to external environmental changes …

Abstract The Spot Blotch (SB) caused by hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Bipolaris
sorokiniana is one of the most devastating wheat diseases leading to 15–100% crop loss …

Plant pathogens secrete nuclear effectors into the host nuclei to modulate the host immune
system. Although several nuclear effectors of fungal pathogens have been recently reported …

Ascochyta blight (AB) disease caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei is a major threat to
global chickpea production. Molecular breeding for improved AB resistance requires the …

Effectors play an important role in host–pathogen interactions. Though an economically
significant disease in rice, knowledge regarding the infection strategy of Rhizoctonia solani …

The nuclear import of proteins is a fundamental process in the eukaryotes including plant. It
has become evident that such basic process is exploited by nuclear effectors that contain …

Effectors play important roles in facilitating the infection of plant pathogenic fungi. However,
the gene expression regulatory mechanism of effector genes, in particular at the post …

A variety of secreted effectors are used by fungal pathogens to evade, disrupt, or modify
crucial elements of transcription, defense signaling, and metabolic processes to induce …

The downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is caused by Plasmopara viticola and is a
major production problem in most grape‐growing regions. The vast majority of effectors act …