Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative
disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral …

Gradual degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, pars
compacta and subsequent reduction of dopamine levels in striatum are associated with …

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the overproduction and incorporation of free
radicals and the dynamic ability of a biosystem to detoxify reactive intermediates. Free …

Neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations, but also
their life spans. All forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the …

Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a central event contributing to the
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that is associated
with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. The …

Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles that consistently migrate, fuse, and divide to
modulate their number, size, and shape. In addition, they produce ATP, reactive oxygen …

Cellular communication linking microglia activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss play an
imperative role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, underlying …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine
neurons in the substantia nigra. The reason for the death of these neurons is unclear; …

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in
Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential …