Large language models (LLMs) are a special class of pretrained language models (PLMs)
obtained by scaling model size, pretraining corpus and computation. LLMs, because of their …

Abstract Machine translation is an important and challenging task that aims at automatically
translating natural language sentences from one language into another. Recently …

We review the scholarly contributions that utilise natural language processing (NLP)
techniques to support the design process. Using a heuristic approach, we gathered 223 …

Tandem mass spectra capture fragmentation patterns that provide key structural information
about molecules. Although mass spectrometry is applied in many areas, the vast majority of …

Abstract Concept generation is a creative step in the conceptual design phase, where
designers often turn to brainstorming, mindmapping, or crowdsourcing design ideas to …

Applicating third-party data and models has become a new paradigm for language modeling
in NLP, which also introduces some potential security vulnerabilities because attackers can …

The electrical activity produced during the heartbeat is measured and recorded by an ECG.
Cardiologists can interpret the ECG machine's signals and determine the heart's health …

In the context of a more linked and globalized society, the significance of proficient cross-
cultural communication has been increasing to a position of utmost importance. Language …

The translation quality of machine translation systems depends on the parallel corpus used
for training, particularly on the quantity and quality of the corpus. However, building a high …

Context information is significant for semantic extraction and recovery of messages in
semantic communication. However, context information is not fully utilized in the existing …