The cranial circulation and innervation systems of turtles have been studied for more than
two centuries and extensively used to understand turtle systematics. Although a significant …

All modern mammals are descendants of the paraphyletic non-mammaliaform Synapsida,
colloquially referred to as the “mammal-like reptiles.” It has long been assumed that these …

Mammals are arguably the most conspicuous tetrapods in the modern biota. Although there
are fewer extant mammal species (~ 5,500) than birds (~ 10,000) or squamates (~ 10,000) …

In mammals, the infraorbital canal provides a passage for the infraorbital ramus of the
maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. The infraorbital nerve ensures tactile sensitivity of …

The earliest known neodiapsid Orovenator mayorum from the lower Permian of Oklahoma is
redescribed using high‐resolution μ CT, revealing remarkable details of the skull anatomy …

The origin of cynodonts, the group ancestral to and including mammals, is one of the major
outstanding problems in therapsid evolution. One of the most troubling aspects of the …

Cistecephalids are among the most distinctive Permian dicynodonts because of their highly
derived skulls and postcrania, which indicate a fossorial ecology. Four cistecephalid species …

Among terrestrial tetrapods, the origin of herbivory marked a key evolutionary event that
allowed for the evolution of modern terrestrial ecosystems. A 100 Ma gap separates the …

Emydopoidea is one of the major dicynodont subclades and includes some purported
fossorial taxa. Various cranial and postcranial adaptations for fossoriality have long been …

Several amniote lineages independently evolved multiple rows of marginal teeth in
response to the challenge of processing high fiber plant matter. Multiple tooth rows develop …