In the mammalian central nervous system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is
counterbalanced by antioxidant defenses. When large amounts of ROS accumulate …

Most synaptic inputs are made onto the dendritic tree. Recent work has shown that dendrites
play an active role in transforming synaptic input into neuronal output and in defining the …

Calcium imaging with protein-based indicators, is widely used to follow neural activity in
intact nervous systems, but current protein sensors report neural activity at timescales much …

Most neurons in the mammalian CNS encode and transmit information via action potentials.
Knowledge of where these electrical events are initiated and how they propagate within …

Cerebellar Purkinje cells exhibit a unique type of synaptic plasticity, namely, long-term
depression (LTD). When two inputs to a Purkinje cell, one from a climbing fiber and the other …

Spine Ca 2+ is critical for the induction of synaptic plasticity, but the factors that control Ca 2+
handling in dendritic spines under physiological conditions are largely unknown. We studied …

Transient rises in the cytoplasmic concentration of calcium ions serve as second messenger
signals that control many neuronal functions. Selective triggering of these functions is …

The prevailing model of cerebellar learning states that climbing fibers (CFs) are both driven
by, and serve to correct, erroneous motor output. However, this model is grounded largely in …

1 Simultaneous whole‐cell voltage and Ca2+ fluorescence measurements were made from
the distal apical dendrites and the soma of thick tufted pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of 4 …

Cerebellar parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses can undergo postsynaptically
expressed long-term depression (LTD) or long-term potentiation (LTP) depending on …