BACKGROUND DNA damage is a hazard that affects all cells of the body. DNA-damage
repair (DDR) mechanisms are in place to repair damage and restore cellular function, as are …

Early stages of mammalian embryonic development are now known to be very sensitive to
their microenvironment, with long term effects on fetal, postnatal, and adult health, thus …

The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases places a substantial burden on human
health throughout the world. It is believed that predisposition to metabolic disease starts …

Autophagy (a process of cellular self-eating) is a conserved cellular degradative process
that plays important roles in maintaining homeostasis and preventing nutritional, metabolic …

In domestic ruminants, endometrial receptivity is related to successful pregnancy and
economic efficiency. Despite several molecules having been reported in the past regarding …

Correct placental development during early gestation is considered the main determinant of
fetal growth in late pregnancy. A reduction in maternal nourishment occurring across the …

The placenta, a unique organ that only develops during pregnancy, is essential for nutrient,
oxygen, and waste exchange between offspring and mother. Yet, despite its importance, the …

Background The placenta is a highly specialized temporary organ that is related to fetal
development and pregnancy outcomes, and epidemiological data demonstrate an …

Melatonin is a hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland during the circadian cycle, with
low levels during the daytime and prominent levels during the night. It is involved in …

Introduction During the early stage of pregnancy trophoblast cells adapt to adverse uterine
environments characterized by oxygen and nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is an …