Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Rare earth elements (REEs) including fifteen lanthanides, yttrium and scandium are found in
more than 250 minerals, worldwide. REEs are used in various high-tech applications across …

Mining has been a long-standing key player in economic development, employment,
infrastructure, and supply of essential raw materials for society. It has served as a viable …

Concrete is the most produced construction material in the world and has a close tie to
carbon dioxide emissions. To reduce the gas pollution and resource drain of cement …

There are now hundreds of cryptocurrencies in existence and the technological backbone of
many of these currencies is blockchain—a digital ledger of transactions. The competitive …

Mining provides inputs for other industrial sectors that are vital for sustaining population
wellbeing and the functioning of global economies. At the same time, it can generate social …

The climate change impacts of mining are often not fully accounted for, although the
environmental impact of mineral extraction more generally is widely studied. Copper mining …

Mining industry requires high amounts of energy to extract and process resources, including
a variety of concentration and refining processes. Using energy consumption information …

Green and climate smart mining (GCSM) is a recent advancement in mining that not only
alleviates the exacerbating environmental and climate-related impacts but also protects the …

This paper analysed and summarised the significant research outputs published on the
environmental impact assessment of mining and mineral processing industries through life …