Plant pathogen attacks are perceived through pathogen-issued compounds or plant-derived
molecules that elicit defense reactions. Despite the large variety of elicitors, general …

Anion channels/transporters appear as key players in signaling pathways leading to the
adaptation of plant cells to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses, in the control of …

Fusaric acid (FA) is a toxin produced by Fusarium species. Most studies on FA have
reported toxic effects (for example, alteration of cell growth, mitochondrial activity and …

The pathogenicity of various Streptomyces scabies isolates involved in potato scab disease
was correlated with the production of thaxtomin A. Since calcium is known as an essential …

Plant defences comprise both pre‐existing barriers as well as defences induced upon
perception of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or microbe‐associated …

Background Ozone is a major secondary air pollutant often reaching high concentrations in
urban areas under strong daylight, high temperature and stagnant high-pressure systems …

Hyperosmotic stresses represent one of the major constraints that adversely affect plants
growth, development, and productivity. In this study, the focus was on early responses to …

Abstract Background and Aims Methanol is a volatile organic compound released from
plants through the action of pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which demethylesterify cell wall …

Erwinia amylovora is the bacterium responsible for fire blight, a necrotic disease affecting
plants of the rosaceous family. E. amylovora pathogenicity requires a functional type three …

Erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative necrogenic bacterium causing fire blight of the
Maloideae subfamily of Rosaceae such as apple and pear. It provokes progressive necrosis …