Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a secreted cytokine that regulates cell proliferation,
migration, and the differentiation of a plethora of different cell types. Consistent with these …

TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed significant …

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of growth factors control the development
and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms. Work over the past few years has …

The recent identification of the SMAD family of signal transducer proteins has unravelled the
mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signals from the cell membrane …

The Hippo pathway senses cell density information to control tissue growth by regulating the
localization of the transcriptional regulators TAZ and YAP (TAZ/YAP). TAZ/YAP also regulate …

TGF-β signals from the membrane to the nucleus through serine/threonine kinase receptors
and their downstream effectors, termed SMAD proteins. The activated TGF-β receptor …

Smad proteins play a key role in the intracellular signalling of transforming growth factor β
(TGFβ), which elicits a large variety of cellular responses. Upon TGFβ receptor activation …

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis regulates the activity of diverse receptor systems. Here, we
identify Smurf2, a C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligase and show that Smurf2 associates …

TGFβ signaling is initiated when the type I receptor phosphorylates the MAD-related protein,
Smad2, on C-terminal serine residues. This leads to Smad2 association with Smad4 …

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures found abundantly and yet often viewed as
by-products of transcription. Studying cells from patients with a motor neuron disease …