Angiopoietins 1–4 (Ang1–4) represent an important family of growth factors, whose activities
are mediated through the tyrosine kinase receptors, Tie1 and Tie2. The best characterized …

Vascular and lymphatic malformations represent a challenge for clinicians. The identification
of inherited and somatic mutations in important signaling pathways, including the PI3K …

Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood
microvessels. They extend their processes along capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles and …

The endothelial angiopoietin (ANG)–TIE growth factor receptor pathway regulates vascular
permeability and pathological vascular remodelling during inflammation, tumour …

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in patients with gynecological
malignancy. Despite optimal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy …

Pericytes are unique, multi-functional mural cells localized at the abluminal side of the
perivascular space in microvessels. Originally discovered in 19th century, pericytes had …

There are two major types of ocular neovascularization that affect the retina, retinal
neovascularization (NV) and subretinal or choroidal NV. Retinal NV occurs in a group of …

Abstract Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling
between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with …

The Tie receptors with their Angiopoietin ligands act as regulators of angiogenesis and
vessel maturation. Tie2 exerts its functions through its supposed endothelial-specific …

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
pathway is activated in the majority of human cancers. This pathway is known to play a key …