The neurovisceral integration (NVI) model was originally proposed to account for observed
relationships between peripheral physiology, cognitive performance, and emotional/physical …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synucleinopathy that affects all levels of
the brain-gut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it …

The body naturally and continuously secretes sweat for thermoregulation during sedentary
and routine activities at rates that can reflect underlying health conditions, including nerve …

Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal
period during which several non‐motor features develop, in particular, impairment of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder. The
characteristic motor impairments-bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor-result from …

Objective: Parkinson disease (PD) may affect the autonomic nervous system and may cause
constipation; however, few studies have explored constipation preceding the motor onset of …

Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) has a long
prodromal period during which several nonmotor features develop; in particular, impairment …

Objective: There is a wide range of autonomic symptoms (AS) in Parkinson disease (PD),
but the full spectrum has never been evaluated with a validated instrument and in …

Nowadays it is well accepted that in Parkinson's disease (PD), the neurodegenerative
process occurs in stages and that damage to other areas precedes the neuronal loss in the …

Clinical signs frequently recognized in early phases of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD)
may include autonomic dysfunctions and the experience of pain. Early disease-related …