The Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 and the heterodimeric IL‐4 receptor (IL‐4R)
complexes that they interact with play a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders …

Rho family GTPases, and the proteins that regulate them, have important roles in many
cellular processes, including cell division, survival, migration and adhesion. Although most …

Background Recurrent sinopulmonary and cutaneous viral infections with elevated serum
levels of IgE are features of some variants of combined immunodeficiency. The genetic …

The mucosal immune system forms the largest part of the entire immune system, containing
about three-quarters of all lymphocytes and producing grams of secretory IgA daily to protect …

Host immune response via Th17 cells against oral pathobionts is a key mediator in
periodontitis development. However, where and how the Th17-type immune response is …

Introduction: Stathmin is a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, firstly identified as the
downstream target of many signal transduction pathways. Several studies then indicated …

Dupilumab, a mAb targeting IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), markedly improves disease
severity in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, the effect of IL-4Rα blockade on …

During the past decade, significant therapeutic progress has been made in the field of
allergic diseases, mainly concerning the pathogenic role of type 2 inflammation. Biologics …

Vasospastic angina (VSA) is characterized by episodes of rest angina that are responsive to
short-acting nitrates and are attributable to coronary artery vasospasm. The condition is …

Cytokines are soluble proteins that regulate immune responses. The present paradigm is
that cytokine production in lymphoid tissues is tightly localized and signaling occurs …