The sustainable production of clean energy constitutes one of the most important scientific
challenges of the 21st century. Currently, the major part of the global energy supply is …

All cyanobacteria, algae, and plants use a similar water-oxidizing catalyst for water
oxidation. This catalyst is housed in Photosystem II, a membrane-protein complex that …

Oxygen, which supports all aerobic life, is produced by photosynthetic water oxidation in
plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. The water-oxidation reaction probably first appeared in …

Life on earth is almost entirely solar-powered. We can get some idea of the enormous
quantity of energy received from the sun by noting that during daylight hours, the sun …

Catalysts for the oxidation of H2O are an integral component of solar energy to fuel
conversion technologies. Although catalysts based on scarce and precious metals have …

The sunlight-powered oxidation of water by photosystem II (PSII) of algae, plants, and
cyanobacteria underpins the energy conversion processes that sustain most life on our …

The essential involvement of manganese in photosynthetic water oxidation was implicit in
the observation by Pirson in 1937 that plants and algae deprived of Mn in their growth …

Biomimetic and efficient: Mixed calcium manganese (III) oxides (see structure; Ca green, Mn
red, O white) with elemental compositions and structures mimicking the active site of …

The. llltl'.. l inlportallt Itlnclioll o| nl; lllg, lllC~, C ill biology is to catalyze Iht conxcrsion ot water
to molecular oxygen. Thb, process t;. ikc~, place in l'tlolos~ Mem II near the lumenal surface …

In this review we examine the structure and function of the extrinsic proteins of Photosystem
II. These proteins include PsbO, present in all oxygenic organisms, the PsbP and PsbQ …