The basaltic effusive eruption at Mt. Fagradalsfjall lasted from 19 March to 18 September
2021, ending a 781‐year repose period on Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. By late …

Volcanic eruptions generate initially sterile materials where biological processes are absent,
allowing for the fresh colonization by new organisms. This review summarizes the …

The island of Surtsey was formed in 1963–1967 on the offshore Icelandic volcanic rift zone.
It offers a unique opportunity to study the subsurface biosphere in newly formed oceanic …

Alteration of basaltic glass and in situ mineral growth are fundamental processes that
influence the chemical and material properties of Earth's oceanic crust. These processes …

Characterization of 2017 drill core samples from Surtsey, an oceanic island produced by
1963− 1967 eruptions in the offshore extension of Iceland's east rift zone, reveals highly …

Surtsey, a young basaltic island off the south coast of Iceland, was built by volcanic activity in
1963–1967 from a pre-eruption oceanic seafloor depth of 130 m. An aeromagnetic survey …

Since Surtsey was formed in 1963–1967, colonisation of vascular plants has been recorded
by locating the first colonists of each species within a 1 ha (100x100 m) quadrat grid system …

Surtsey is an island in the south-western end of Vestmannaeyjar archipelago off the south
coast of Iceland and is a part of the Vestmannaeyjar volcanic system. It is built from the …