Introduction The safety of humans in crowded environments has been recognised as an
important and rapidly growing research area with significant implications for urban planning …

Social animals including humans share a range of social mechanisms that are automatic
and implicit and enable learning by observation. Learning from others includes imitation of …

With the increasing size and frequency of mass events, the study of crowd disasters and the
simulation of pedestrian flows have become important research areas. However, even …

The research progress of swarm robotics is reviewed in details. The swarm robotics inspired
from nature is a combination of swarm intelligence and robotics, which shows a great …

The first part of our paper presents a general survey on the modeling, analytic problems, and
applications of the dynamics of human crowds, where the specific features of living systems …

The remarkable collective action of organisms such as swarming ants, schooling fish and
flocking birds has long captivated the attention of artists, naturalists, philosophers and …

Herding is a form of convergent social behaviour that can be broadly defined as the
alignment of the thoughts or behaviours of individuals in a group (herd) through local …

In animal societies as well as in human crowds, many observed collective behaviours result
from self-organized processes based on local interactions among individuals. However …

How groups of individuals achieve coordination and collective action is an important topic in
the natural sciences, but until recently the role of leadership in this process has been largely …

Electronic media have unlocked a hitherto largely untapped potential for swarm intelligence
(SI; generally, the realisation that group living can facilitate solving cognitive problems that …