The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen to epidemic
proportions. The pathophysiology of T2DM is complex and involves insulin resistance …

The discovery and interpretation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator
1α (PGC-1α) protein in mitochondrial biogenesis, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue …

Public health studies indicate that artificial light is a high-risk factor for metabolic disorders.
However, the neural mechanism underlying metabolic modulation by light remains elusive …

Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue
(BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat …

The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living
beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In …

Humans and other mammalian species possess an endogenous circadian clock system that
has evolved in adaptation to periodically reoccurring environmental changes and drives …

The mammalian circadian clock is based on a transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL)
consolidated by secondary loops. In the primary TTFL, the circadian locomotor output cycles …

Circadian rhythm, or daily oscillation, of behaviors and biological processes is a
fundamental feature of mammalian physiology that has developed over hundreds of …

Significance: Mitochondria produce most of the cellular ATP through the process of oxidative
phosphorylation. Energy metabolism in the mitochondria is associated with the production of …

The circadian clock exerts an important role in systemic homeostasis as it acts a keeper of
time for the organism. The synchrony between the daily challenges imposed by the …