Recent developments in frequency metrology and optical clocks have been based on
electronic transitions in atoms and singly charged ions as references. The control over all …

Like few other parameters, the mass of an atom, and its inherent connection with the atomic
and nuclear binding energy is a fundamental property, a unique fingerprint of the atomic …

Abstract The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer
studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena …

B Supplementary mathematics Page 1 B Supplementary mathematics B.1 Linear operators on
Hilbert space General references [1], [2], [3], [4] B.1.1 Hilbert spaces This appendix summarizes …

The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful tool for fabrication, modification, and
characterization of materials down to the nanoscale. Starting with the gallium FIB, which was …

Optical frequency metrology in atoms and ions can probe hypothetical fifth forces between
electrons and neutrons by sensing minute perturbations of the electronic wave function …

This paper reviews some of the fundamental properties of highly charged ions, the methods
of producing them (with particular emphasis on table-top devices), and their use as a tool for …

An equilibrium population of approximately 500 hydrogenlike U 9 1+ ions and ten fully
stripped U 9 2+ ions has been produced and trapped in an electron beam ion trap at 198 …

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the heart of many novel devices due to their unique
and often superior properties. For simplicity, 2D materials are often assumed to exist in their …

Highly charged ions (HCIs) constitute a large class of atomic systems since each element
has as many ionization states as it has protons—in a sense, this extends the periodic table …