Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher
than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in …

Heavy metals, depending on their oxidation states, can be highly reactive and, as a
consequence, toxic to most organisms. They are produced by an expanding variety of …

Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) plants exposed to 4 and 40 μM of Cd for 7 d in hydroponic
culture were analysed with reference to the distribution of metal, the accumulation of …

This is a presentation on the current status of antioxidant research in the field of algology.
The imposition of oxidative stresses by various environmental factors leads to the production …

In most plants, exposure to elevated concentrations of heavy metals results in growth
inhibition (see Chap. 8). After prolonged metal exposure, sensitive plants develop visible …

The targets of heavy metal (here Cu2+ and Zn2+) attack on the photosynthetic apparatus of
algae belonging to different phyla were investigated. Experiments with the green alga …

The foremost feature of a diatom is the species-specific ornamentation of the silicon cell wall,
which is preserved and faithfully reproduced through the generations. If exposed to different …

Cadmium (Cd2+) is a well-known highly toxic element. The molecular mechanisms of the
Cd2+ toxicity are not well understood. In photosynthetic organisms, toxic Cd2+ …

The metal-induced lipid peroxidation and response of antioxidative enzymes have been
investigated in the marine microalga Pavlova viridis to understand the mechanisms of metal …

The bioaccumulation and toxicity of heavy metals were reviewed with special reference to
microalgae, the key component of the food web in aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals enter …