Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past decade. A better
understanding of the breadth of tumour-associated antigens, the native immune response …

Natural killer (NK) cells can swiftly kill multiple adjacent cells if these show surface markers
associated with oncogenic transformation. This property, which is unique among immune …

Anticancer immunotherapies involving the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive
cellular transfer have emerged as new therapeutic pillars within oncology. These treatments …

Immunotherapy, with an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions, is becoming an
important mode of treatment for cancer patients. The inhibition of immune checkpoints …

It is now well accepted that many tumors undergo a process of clonal selection which means
that tumor antigens arising at various stages of tumor progression are likely to be …

A key mechanism of tumor resistance to immune cells is mediated by expression of peptide-
loaded HLA class I molecule (HLA-E) in tumor cells, which suppresses NK cell activity via …

Therapeutic vaccines preferentially stimulate T cells against tumour-specific epitopes that
are created by DNA mutations or oncogenic viruses. In the setting of premalignant disease …

Tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells were found to frequently express the inhibitory receptor
NKG2A, particularly in immune-reactive environments and after therapeutic cancer …

The first generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1)
targeted natural immune homeostasis pathways, co-opted by cancers, to drive anti-tumor …

Most studies on the immunotherapeutic potential of T cells have focused on CD8 and CD4 T
cells that recognize peptide antigens (Ag) presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility …