The development of microorganisms' colonies creates a three-dimensional structure named
biofilm, which helps microorganisms attach to the substratum to survive. The …

For the past few years, microbial biofilms have been emerging as a significant threat to the
modern healthcare system, and their prevalence and antibiotic resistance threat gradually …

The bacterial adhesion to iron-based alloys such as stainless-steel-316L (SS-316L) and
stainless-steel-304 (SS-304) used in biomedical applications causes biofouling, leading to …

Biofilm has become a relevant issue nowadays for several applications. The involvement of
biofilm includes pathogenic diseases to water treatment. In general, there is a requirement …

Over the last few years, the overall development in the industrial process has increased the
unplanned discharge of a significant quantity of waste in the environment. These pollutants …

Rajeev Kumar a,⁎, Jamshaid Rashid a, MA Barakat a, b, ca Department of Environmental
Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz …