Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) family
of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that were initially discovered
on the basis of their ability to induce bone. Several decades of research have now …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are potent growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor Beta superfamily. To date over 20 members have been …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exhibit broad spectra of biological activities in various
tissues, including bone, cartilage, blood vessels, heart, kidney, neurons, liver and lung …

During the past 10 years, it has been firmly established that Smad pathways are central
mediators of signals from the receptors for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) play an important role during organ development and
during regeneration after tissue damage. BMPs signal via transmembrane serine/threonine …

BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists
regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue …