The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large
surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne …

Air− liquid interface (ALI) culture models currently represent a valid instrument to recreate
the typical aspects of the respiratory tract in vitro in both healthy and diseased state. They …

Micro-and nanoplastics (MNP) can be found virtually everywhere around us in the biosphere
and food chain, therefore humans are continuously exposed to MNP, mainly via inhalation …

Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks
attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for …

Background Inhalation is one of the main exposure routes to nanoplastics. Knowledge of the
toxicological impact of nanoplastics on the airway-and lung epithelium is limited and almost …

Inhalation exposure to environmental and occupational aerosol contaminants is associated
with many respiratory health problems. To realistically mimic long-term inhalation exposure …

The aim of the study was to use multiple in vitro assays to assess the effects of a model
irritant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)(≤ 10 mM (0.29%, w/v)), on an in vitro model of the …

More than 5% of any population suffers from asthma, and there are indications that these
individuals are more sensitive to nanoparticle aerosols than the healthy population. We …

The use of nanomaterials incorporated into plastic products is increasing steadily. By using
nano-scaled filling materials, thermoplastics, such as polyethylene (PE), take advantage of …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cultured primary cells are used to predict the toxicity of
substances towards humans because these 3D cultures closely mimic the physiological …