Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and related neurological disorders are associated with
mutations in many genes affecting the ratio between neuronal excitation and inhibition …

Down syndrome, which arises in individuals carrying an extra copy of chromosome 21, is
associated with a greatly increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer disease. It is thought that …

Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily
localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that …

Schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disabilities are best understood as spectrums of
diseases that have broad sets of causes. However, it is becoming evident that these …

Brain plasticity refers to the remarkable property of cerebral neurons to change their
structure and function in response to experience, a fundamental theoretical theme in the …

Down syndrome is the most common form of intellectual disability and results from one of the
most complex genetic perturbations that is compatible with survival, trisomy 21. The study of …

Environmental enrichment (EE) is known to profoundly affect the central nervous system
(CNS) at the functional, anatomical and molecular level, both during the critical period and …

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with
DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart …

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and is associated
with a number of deleterious phenotypes, including learning disability, heart defects, early …

Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic disorder leading to intellectual disabilities
and is caused by three copies of human chromosome 21. Mouse models are widely used to …