Plants launch a concerted immune response to dampen potential infections upon sensing
microbial pathogen and insect invasions. The transient and rapid elevation of the cytosolic …

Phytonematodes use a stylet and secreted effectors to modify host cells and ingest nutrients
to support their growth and development. The molecular function of nematode effectors is …

Plant pathogens have evolved a variety of different strategies that allow them to successfully
infect their hosts. Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete numerous proteins into their hosts …

Sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes establish long term relationships with their hosts. Root
vascular cells are transformed into large multinucleate feeding cells from which the …

Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, such as root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.)
and cyst nematodes (CN; Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.) cause considerable …

SUMMARY Taxonomy: Superkingdom Eukaryota; Kingdom Metazoa; Phylum Nematoda;
Class Chromadorea; Order Tylenchida; Suborder Tylenchina; Infraorder Tylenchomorpha; …

Most plant-parasitic nematodes are obligate biotrophs feeding on the roots of their hosts.
Whereas ectoparasites remain on the root surface and feed on the outer cell layers …

A key feature of sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes is the release of effector proteins from
their esophageal gland cells through their stylets into host roots. These proteinaceous stylet …

Plant-parasitic nematodes engage in prolonged and intimate relationships with their host
plants, often involving complex alterations in host cell morphology and function. It is puzzling …

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are obligate biotrophic parasites that settle close to the
vascular tissues in roots, where they induce the differentiation of specialized feeding cells …